Event-Related Potential (ERP) research using Electroencephalography (EEG) involves measuring the brain's electrical activity in response to specific events or stimuli. EEG works by placing electrodes on the scalp to record the electrical signals produced by neurons firing in the brain. When a person sees a flash of light or hears a sound, the brain responds with a series of electrical changes. These changes, called ERPs, are time-locked to the event and can be averaged over many trials to see how the brain processes the stimulus. ERP research helps scientists understand the timing and sequence of brain activity involved in perception, attention, and other cognitive processes.